filter_fasta.py: command not found

Have You tried accessing the binary with the full path?

Maybe Your $PATH variable doesn't contain the default paths? echo $PATH should give something like:

[root@server ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

If it's empty, You may set the PATH variable with this command

export PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin"

On Debian possible default full paths are:

/usr/lib/qiime/bin/filter_fasta.py - from package: qiime

You may install the required package with command apt-get install {package}
Error in other languages:
filter_fasta.py: bevel nie gevind nie
filter_fasta.py: comandă negăsită
filter_fasta.py: comando não encontrado
filter_fasta.py: commande introuvable
filter_fasta.py: command not found
filter_fasta.py: käsku ei ole
filter_fasta.py: không tìm thấy lệnh
filter_fasta.py: komanda nerasta
filter_fasta.py: Kommando nicht gefunden.
filter_fasta.py: kommandot finns inte
filter_fasta.py: komut yok
filter_fasta.py: nie znaleziono polecenia
filter_fasta.py: níor aimsíodh an t-ordú
filter_fasta.py: no se encontró la orden
filter_fasta.py: no s'ha trobat l'ordre
filter_fasta.py: opdracht niet gevonden
filter_fasta.py: parancs nem található
filter_fasta.py: perintah tidak ditemukan
filter_fasta.py: príkaz nenájdený
filter_fasta.py: příkaz nenalezen
filter_fasta.py: команда не найдена
filter_fasta.py: командата не е открита
filter_fasta.py: 命令找不到
filter_fasta.py: コマンドが見つかりません