r.transect: command not found

Maybe Your $PATH variable doesn't contain the default paths? echo $PATH should give something like:

[root@server ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

If it's empty, You may set the PATH variable with this command

export PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin"

On CentOS possible default full paths are:

/usr/lib64/grass-6.4.4/bin/r.transect - from package: grass

You may install the required package with command yum install {package}

On Debian possible default full paths are:

/usr/lib/grass64/bin/r.transect - from package: grass-core

You may install the required package with command apt-get install {package}

Error in other languages:
r.transect: bevel nie gevind nie
r.transect: comandă negăsită
r.transect: comando não encontrado
r.transect: commande introuvable
r.transect: command not found
r.transect: käsku ei ole
r.transect: không tìm thấy lệnh
r.transect: komanda nerasta
r.transect: Kommando nicht gefunden.
r.transect: kommandot finns inte
r.transect: komut yok
r.transect: nie znaleziono polecenia
r.transect: níor aimsíodh an t-ordú
r.transect: no se encontró la orden
r.transect: no s'ha trobat l'ordre
r.transect: opdracht niet gevonden
r.transect: parancs nem található
r.transect: perintah tidak ditemukan
r.transect: príkaz nenájdený
r.transect: příkaz nenalezen
r.transect: команда не найдена
r.transect: командата не е открита
r.transect: 命令找不到
r.transect: コマンドが見つかりません