chef-apply: command not found

Have You tried accessing the binary with the full path?

Maybe Your $PATH variable doesn't contain the default paths? echo $PATH should give something like:

[root@server ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

If it's empty, You may set the PATH variable with this command

export PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin"

On Debian possible default full paths are:

/usr/bin/chef-apply - from package: chef

You may install the required package with command apt-get install {package}
Error in other languages:
chef-apply: bevel nie gevind nie
chef-apply: comandă negăsită
chef-apply: comando não encontrado
chef-apply: commande introuvable
chef-apply: command not found
chef-apply: käsku ei ole
chef-apply: không tìm thấy lệnh
chef-apply: komanda nerasta
chef-apply: Kommando nicht gefunden.
chef-apply: kommandot finns inte
chef-apply: komut yok
chef-apply: nie znaleziono polecenia
chef-apply: níor aimsíodh an t-ordú
chef-apply: no se encontró la orden
chef-apply: no s'ha trobat l'ordre
chef-apply: opdracht niet gevonden
chef-apply: parancs nem található
chef-apply: perintah tidak ditemukan
chef-apply: príkaz nenájdený
chef-apply: příkaz nenalezen
chef-apply: команда не найдена
chef-apply: командата не е открита
chef-apply: 命令找不到
chef-apply: コマンドが見つかりません