update_blastdb: command not found

Have You tried accessing the binary with the full path?

Maybe Your $PATH variable doesn't contain the default paths? echo $PATH should give something like:

[root@server ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

If it's empty, You may set the PATH variable with this command

export PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin"

On Debian possible default full paths are:

/usr/bin/update_blastdb - from package: ncbi-blast+

You may install the required package with command apt-get install {package}
Error in other languages:
update_blastdb: bevel nie gevind nie
update_blastdb: comandă negăsită
update_blastdb: comando não encontrado
update_blastdb: commande introuvable
update_blastdb: command not found
update_blastdb: käsku ei ole
update_blastdb: không tìm thấy lệnh
update_blastdb: komanda nerasta
update_blastdb: Kommando nicht gefunden.
update_blastdb: kommandot finns inte
update_blastdb: komut yok
update_blastdb: nie znaleziono polecenia
update_blastdb: níor aimsíodh an t-ordú
update_blastdb: no se encontró la orden
update_blastdb: no s'ha trobat l'ordre
update_blastdb: opdracht niet gevonden
update_blastdb: parancs nem található
update_blastdb: perintah tidak ditemukan
update_blastdb: príkaz nenájdený
update_blastdb: příkaz nenalezen
update_blastdb: команда не найдена
update_blastdb: командата не е открита
update_blastdb: 命令找不到
update_blastdb: コマンドが見つかりません