cgminer: command not found

Maybe Your $PATH variable doesn't contain the default paths? echo $PATH should give something like:

[root@server ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

If it's empty, You may set the PATH variable with this command

export PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin"

On Debian possible default full paths are:

/usr/bin/cgminer - from package: cgminer

You may install the required package with command apt-get install {package}

Error in other languages:
cgminer: bevel nie gevind nie
cgminer: comandă negăsită
cgminer: comando não encontrado
cgminer: commande introuvable
cgminer: command not found
cgminer: käsku ei ole
cgminer: không tìm thấy lệnh
cgminer: komanda nerasta
cgminer: Kommando nicht gefunden.
cgminer: kommandot finns inte
cgminer: komut yok
cgminer: nie znaleziono polecenia
cgminer: níor aimsíodh an t-ordú
cgminer: no se encontró la orden
cgminer: no s'ha trobat l'ordre
cgminer: opdracht niet gevonden
cgminer: parancs nem található
cgminer: perintah tidak ditemukan
cgminer: príkaz nenájdený
cgminer: příkaz nenalezen
cgminer: команда не найдена
cgminer: командата не е открита
cgminer: 命令找不到
cgminer: コマンドが見つかりません