apt-cdrom: command not found

Maybe Your $PATH variable doesn't contain the default paths? echo $PATH should give something like:

[root@server ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

If it's empty, You may set the PATH variable with this command

export PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin"

On Debian possible default full paths are:

/usr/bin/apt-cdrom - from package: apt

You may install the required package with command apt-get install {package}

Error in other languages:
apt-cdrom: bevel nie gevind nie
apt-cdrom: comandă negăsită
apt-cdrom: comando não encontrado
apt-cdrom: commande introuvable
apt-cdrom: command not found
apt-cdrom: käsku ei ole
apt-cdrom: không tìm thấy lệnh
apt-cdrom: komanda nerasta
apt-cdrom: Kommando nicht gefunden.
apt-cdrom: kommandot finns inte
apt-cdrom: komut yok
apt-cdrom: nie znaleziono polecenia
apt-cdrom: níor aimsíodh an t-ordú
apt-cdrom: no se encontró la orden
apt-cdrom: no s'ha trobat l'ordre
apt-cdrom: opdracht niet gevonden
apt-cdrom: parancs nem található
apt-cdrom: perintah tidak ditemukan
apt-cdrom: príkaz nenájdený
apt-cdrom: příkaz nenalezen
apt-cdrom: команда не найдена
apt-cdrom: командата не е открита
apt-cdrom: 命令找不到
apt-cdrom: コマンドが見つかりません